So Madara formed Konohagakure (the hidden leaf village) with his best buddy Hashirama. In doing so they bring their two clans together the Uchiha clan (Madara) and the Senju clan (Hashirama). These two clans have faught for generations (starting with the two sons of the sage of six paths; each founding the respective clans after a . . . scuffle and differnce in ideals) but are puting their long history of warring behind them. Sadly for Madara their creation of Konohagakure was a failure, he realised this and was honestly right. He labeled it a failure when the ruiling body of the village was composed of the Senju clan, when Hashirama became the first Hokage, knowing that his brother Tobirama would be next.


He recognized that his people the Uchiha clan would not be safe (looking at Naruto (show not person) he was right) that given time they'll be no more. This alongside his reading of the Uchiha stone tablet is what puts him on track to crave project tsukuyomi.
Moving past Madara you have someone like Orochimaru (of All people) confirming that yes Tobirama and the things he did as Hokage only aided in further marginalizing the Uchiha clan. (Link Madara was completely right, what he feared Happened, there is no Uchiha almost directly cause of Tobirama (the for real not for real for real Uchiha hater dawg was racist and acted like he wasn't))

Whether Tobirama did it purposely or not (dawg looking mad stupid up top which is funny cause he's a highly intellgent man having fathered many forbidden ninjutsu and expanding on the HiddenLeaf) his actions are apart of what caused the Uchiha to become marginalized. The Uchiha clan a foundational part of Konohagakure alongside the Senju; gone one night after 4 Hokages (Senju still exists but like we don't care about them so . . . ). By the time of Naruto's very lonely childhood the Uchiha are ready to do something, anything, meeting in secret as a clan pushing for power in the Village's government deeply aware of their history and treatment. Like yes they were planing a coup, but ideally it should've never gotten this far. A coup if it happened could've ended by simply listening to them and acting right? Like I am naive but am I wrong? They didn't want to destroy the leaf, they just wanted representation, a say in things involving them.